6 Steps To Read Effectively In A Foreign Language

If you're learning a foreign language, and you don't read regularly…

STOP!

You should be.

But do you know how to read effectively in another language, without getting overwhelmed by unknown vocabulary and complex grammar that doesn't make sense?

In this article you'll learn how to use reading to quickly learn new words and boost your fluency in your target language, even if you're just getting started, and even if you've tried and failed before.

Reading, after all, is the foundation of my StoryLearning method, where I teach languages through stories (you can try it here)… so this article is important!

Let's go! 

Why Should You Bother Reading In A Foreign Language?

You've probably heard before that reading helps you to learn language.

But why?

What are the benefits of learning a language with stories, as opposed to with a textbook?

Understanding what reading is, and why you would do it, is the first step to becoming an effective reader.

The main benefit of reading is that you gain exposure to good quality, natural language. But you can read in different ways.

If you read a lot (for pleasure or study), this is commonly known as extensive reading. You read large amounts, and are concerned with enjoying the story or learning from the contents.

It might be natural for you to read a lot in your mother tongue, but this is very different from the kind of reading you might do in a foreign language textbook.

In your textbook, you read short passages of text, which you study in detail with the aim of understanding every word.

This is known as intensive reading.

With intensive reading, because you're reading in so much depth, you can't get through very much material.

Both approaches have value and are an important part of a balanced approach to language learning.

But it's extensive reading where all the magic happens.

By reading lots of books, websites, magazines or newspapers (whatever you enjoy) in another language, you'll quickly build up an innate understanding of how the language works, because you cover so much material.

Can you see how this is very different from what you get from your textbook?

(I describe how to use reading as a complete language learning method here.)

So what's the catch? 🙂

Well, in order to take full advantage of the benefits of extensive reading, you have to actually read a lot!

Easier said than done.

Why You Find Reading In A Foreign Language Difficult

Reading is a complex skill.

In our mother tongue, we use “micro-skills” to help us read.

For example…

• You might skim a particular passage in order to understand the gist.
• Or you might scan through a long train timetable looking for a particular time or place
• If I lent you an Agatha Christie novel, you would breeze through the pages fairly quickly
• On the other hand, if I gave you a contract to sign, you would likely read every word in great detail

Here's where it gets interesting.

When it comes to reading in a foreign language, studies have shown that we abandon most of these reading skills we take for granted in our mother tongue.

Instead of using a mixture of micro-skills to help us understand a difficult text, we simply start at the beginning and try to understand every single word.

Inevitably, we come across unknown or difficult words and quickly get frustrated with our lack of understanding.

Sound familiar? 🙂

So what can you do about it?

Well, once you're aware of this, you can adopt a few simple strategies (such as the 10 Rules of StoryLearning) that will help you turn frustration into opportunity, and use reading to quickly boost your language skills!

How To Be A Smart Reader & Language Learner

With this in mind, here is the thought process I recommend you have when reading books in your target language:

• When reading books, enjoyment and a sense of achievement are vitally important because that keeps you coming back for more
• The more you read, the more you learn
• The best way to enjoy reading books, and to feel that sense of achievement, is by reading entire chapters from beginning to end
• Consequently, reaching the end of a book is the most important thing… more important than understanding every word in it!

And this brings us to the single most important point of all…

You must accept that you won't understand everything you read.

This is completely normal and you should expect it.

The fact that you don't know a word or understand a sentence doesn't mean that you're “stupid” or “not good enough”.

It simply means you're engaged in the language learning process, just like everybody else.

So what should you do when there's something you don't understand?

How To Deal With Words You Don't Know

If you find yourself stumped by an unknown word, here are five ways to tackle the problem:

• Look at the word and see if it's familiar in any way. There is often crossover in the vocabulary of different languages. Take a guess – you might surprise yourself!
• Go back and read the problem sentence many times over. Using the context of that sentence, and everything else that's happening in the story, try to guess what the unknown word might mean. This takes practice, but is often easier than you think!
• Make a note of the word in a notebook, so you can check the meaning later. Then keep reading.
• Sometimes, you might find a verb that you know, conjugated in an unfamiliar way. For example, in Spanish:
  to speak – hablar 
  they will speak – hablarán
  speak (subjunctive)hablase 
  You may not be familiar with this particular verb form, or not understand why its use in this case, and that may frustrate you. But is it absolutely necessary for you to know this right now? Can you still understand the gist of what's going on? Usually, if you've managed to recognise the main verb, that is enough. Instead of getting frustrated, simply notice how the verb is being used, and then carry on reading!
• There will be times when you're simply dying to know the meaning of a particular word. Fine – but if you stop to look up every word, you'll never get anywhere. Instead, only look up words that seem to be cropping up again and again – they will be the key to understanding what you're reading

Now that we've dealt with the big issue of difficult vocabulary, let's look at the reading process itself.

The Six-Step Process For Reading In A Foreign Language

1. Read the first chapter of the book all the way through. Your aim is simply to reach the end of the chapter. Therefore, do not stop to look up words and do not worry if there are things you do not understand. Simply try to follow what's going on.
2. When you reach the end of the chapter, try to summarise what you've read – the characters, places, ideas, events etc. You could make a few notes in the target language, maybe writing down some of the main characters and events.
3. Go back and read the same chapter again. If you like, you can read in more detail than before, but otherwise simply read it through one more time. As before, don't worry about understanding everything. It's a gradual process that can take time, and I call it “reducing uncertainty”.
4. At the end of the chapter, continue to jot down notes about what you've read. This can be whatever is in your mind – it's yet another way to help you process what you're reading.
5. By this point, you should start to have some understanding of the main events of the chapter. At this point you might like to continue to re-read the chapter, this time using a dictionary to check unknown words and phrases. Just remember – avoid the need to understand everything. Use the skills mentioned above to deal with words you don't know and focus only on the vocabulary you think is vital to the narrative.
6. Otherwise, if you feel you have followed the main events of the chapter, you should continue on to the next chapter, and enjoy the book just as you would in your mother tongue.

(This is covered in more depth in the 10 Rules of StoryLearning)

At every stage of the process, there will inevitably be words and phrases you do not understand or cannot remember.

Instead of worrying, try to focus instead on everything that you have understood, and congratulate yourself for everything you have done so far.

Most of the benefit you derive from reading will come from reading entire sections through from beginning to end.

Only once you have completed a chapter in its entirety should you go back and begin the process of studying the language in more depth.

Becoming An Independent Reader

These steps are designed to do something very important: to train you to handle reading independently and without help.

The more you can develop this skill, the better you'll be able to read.

And, of course, the more you can read, the more you'll learn.

Remember that the purpose of extensive reading is not to understand every word, as you might be expected to in a textbook.

The purpose of reading is to enjoy the book for what it is.

So, when you're reading, if you don't understand a word, and you can't guess what the word means from the context, the first thing you should do is simply try to keep reading.

It's not easy.

And you'll be tempted to reach for the dictionary at every turn.

But if you can learn to be content with not understanding everything whilst reading a foreign language, you'll be developing a powerful skill, because you become an independent and resilient learner, who suddenly has a world of language at their fingertips.

Short Stories For Beginners

If you have read up to this point, you might be thinking:

That's all very well, but how can I find books that are at the right level for me?

It can be a challenge.

So-called graded readers exist in most languages, but I've found that they're not always so helpful.

They're either too hard, too boring, or contain parallel texts which remove all the challenge of reading and make it too easy for you as the reader.

So I decided to make something different.

I'm creating collections of short stories, written especially for students from beginner to intermediate level (A1-B1 on the CEFR).

The books are published with Teach Yourself (a name you might be familiar with!)

Each collection is designed to give you a sense of achievement and a feeling of progress when reading.

Stories feature:

• A variety of compelling genres, from science fiction and crime to history and thriller
• Stories broken down into manageable chapters, so you always make progress with the story and feel a sense of achievement
• Realistic amounts of new vocabulary so that you’re not overwhelmed by complex words
• Plenty of natural dialogues in each story, so you can learn plenty of conversational language
• Regular plot summaries, comprehension questions and word reference lists, so you don't have to fumble around with dictionaries and struggle through dense text

The books come in beginner and intermediate series:

CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE BOOKS

Happy reading!