70 Must-Know Italian Conjunctions to Improve Your Fluency

Connectors are an important part of any language, but especially, it has to be said, learning Italian. There are an amazing number of Italian transition words, which may seem daunting, at first. But most of them are really simple and easy to remember, as you’ll see.

Some of the Italian conjunctions I mention below look like they mean the same exact thing. But there are subtle differences because in Italian, these words have different meanings depending on when you use them.

Sometimes, these differences can’t really be explained. But you’ll get the hang of using them right through practice. And that’s what I'm here to help you do!

Don’t worry if these feel overwhelming, at first. It can be said that most Italian connectors — connettivi — don’t count as a basic level of language learning.

This is not because transition words in Italian are especially difficult. But because not all of them are really necessary to make yourself understood. You can skip using many of them if you’re just starting out, and then pick them up bit by bit.

In any case, here is an Italian conjunctions list of 70 words to get you started, grouped from basic to more complex so you can choose the ones that suit your needs best. By the end of the post, you'll be dropping connettivi into your speech like you were born speaking that way!

By the way, if you want to learn Italian with stories, not rules, I recommend Italian Uncovered, my innovative Italian course that will teach you through StoryLearning®. Click here to find out more and try it out for yourself for free.

How Italian Conjunctions Help You Sound More Fluent

Conjunctions in Italian make sentences sound better by tying them together. Speech becomes smoother, and relations between the things said become more clear. This is true for English, and most other languages, as well.

Here’s a simple example. You could, for instance, say:

Non è stato invitato a casa di Cathy. Non le piace. – He wasn’t invited to Cathy’s house. She doesn’t like him.

Or you could say:

Non è stato invitato a casa di Cathy perché/poichè non le piace. – He wasn’t invited to Cathy’s house because/since she doesn’t like him.

Both of those make sense and really say the same thing. But while the first version is a little chunky, the second one just sounds better.

Imagine if instead of two statements, you had five or six. As the things you learn to say in a language become more complex, connectors become increasingly useful. They are the key to fluency.

Now, let’s look at some of the other examples used in Italian, a language that loves their connettivi.

Basic Connectors In Italian

Let’s start with a list of connectors you’re most likely to encounter when learning italian. These are the most important ones to know and, luckily, the easiest to learn.

#1 Perché – Why, Because

Perché non hai studiato? -Why didn’t you study?
Non ho studiato ieri perché stavo male. – I did not study yesterday because I was unwell.

#2 Insomma – Finally, Ultimately

Il suo problema, insomma, non è chiaro. – His/her problem, ultimately, isn’t clear.

Insomma can also be used on its own, so say something like “it’s better than nothing”, or “it’s not all that bad”:

Ho perso il portafoglio, ma ho conosciuto una donna incredible. – I lost my wallet, but I met an incredible woman.
Insomma… – Not too bad.

#3 Anche, Anche Se – Also, Even, Even If

Non è solo bella, è ricca anche/è anche ricca. – She is not only pretty, she is rich, too.

#4 Almeno – At Least

Almeno sei tornato, finalmente. – At least you came back, finally (in the end).

#5 Infatti – In Fact

Infatti can informally be used on its own, as an answer, to express agreement.

Che giornata bellissima. – What a beautiful day.
Infatti. – I agree.

#6 Tra L’altro – As Well, Among Other Things

Often written as tralaltro even by Italians, that’s actually not right. Tra l’altro comes from tra lo altro, for “among the other”.

Tra l’altro, non ero neppure* stato avvertito. – Among other things, I wasn’t even informed (told).

*neppure means not even — see below for pure.

#7 Così – So, So That

Non c’era nessuno in giro, così siamo tornati a casa. – There was nobody around, so we went back home.
Questo film è così noioso! – This movie is so boring!

#8 Così Che – So That; How + Subject

Sii chiara così che lui capisca. – Be clear so that he’ll understand.

Or..

É così che lo devi fare. – That’s how you are supposed to do it.

#9 Ma, Però – But, However

Sometimes, these two are interchangeable. Ma needs to be at the beginning of the statement (which can be in the middle of a sentence, as long as it is followed by a statement), while però can be at the end, as well.

Strano ma vero. – Strange but true.
Non sarà divertente, è necessario però. – It will not be fun, however, it is necessary.

#10 Invece – Instead

Prendo una birra invece del caffè. – I’ll take a beer instead of the coffee.

Invece can also be used, in slang, to emphasize disagreement.

Tu non mi hai chiamato. – You did not call me.
Invece sì! (or: Sì, invece!) – Yes, I did. (lit. instead, I did)

This is somewhat like when children say “I did too” in America.

#11 Tranne, Tranne Che, (Eccetto Che) – Except, Except For (Except That)

Sono invitati tutti tranne Francesco. – Everybody is invited, except for Francesco.

Connettivi Temporali, Or Connectors Of Time

Fun fact: temporali is also the plural form of [thunder]storm, temporale. But here, we’re talking about connectives of time, tempo.

These are used to put a sentence in relation to something in time, meaning to say that something happened before, or during, or after something. These, especially the short ones, are pretty important.

#12 Prima – Before Or Earlier

#13 Dopo – After Or Later

Non ce la faccio prima di domani sera. – I can’t do it earlier than tomorrow evening.
Va bene, chiamami dopo. – Fine, call me later.
A dopo! – See you later.

#14 Qualche Giorno/Mese/Anno Fa – Some Days/Months/Years Ago

L’ho visto qualche mese fa. – I saw him a few/some months ago.

#15 Una Volta – At One Time, Once

Ho visto C’era una Volta nel West solamente una volta. – I only saw Once Upon a Time in the West one time.

#16 A Quei Tempi – In Those Days

Andavamo in giro insieme a quei tempi. – We used to go out together in those days.

Note that andare in giro — lit. “going around” — does not signify dating, but going places together generally. Here, going out would be stavamo insieme, or “we were together”.

#17 Allora – And Then, So Then, And So

E allora, cosa facciamo? – And now, what should we do?

This is one of the most versatile and most often used connectives in Italian. It can mean a lot of things, from “and then”, to “so what?”.

Most of the time, allora is sprinkled all over speech with no real meaning, as a sort of filler. Note that when spoken, the word for “at the time” sounds the same. Just keep in mind that it’s spelled differently: all’ora.

#18 Proprio Allora – Just Then, Right Then

Dovevo vederla proprio allora. – I had to see her right then.

#19 Ora, Adesso – Now

These two can be used interchangeably.

Adesso me ne vado/Ora me ne vado. – I am going now/now, I am going.

#20 Mentre, Nel Frattempo, Intanto Che – While, In The Meantime, In The Time That

Intanto che/Mentre lei dormiva, io ho sistemato la camera. Nel frattempo, Giovanni è andato a fare la spesa. – While she was sleeping, I tidied up the room. In the meantime, Giovanni went grocery shopping.

#21 A Questo Punto/Momento/Istante – At This Point/Moment/Instant

A questo punto non ti so dire di più. – At this point, I can’t tell you more.

#22 Alla Fine – At The End

Often used informally as a question meaning “so then?” Or at the end of sentences, to say “basically”, which means something like “let’s be honest here”.

See also: alla fine della fiera – literally “at the end of the fair”, this means “at the end of the day”.

Ma alla fine della fiera, non è stata una buona esperienza. – But at the end of the day, it was not a good experience.

#23 Poi – Then, Later

Prima o poi dovremo chiamare il meccanico. – Sooner or later we will have to call the mechanic.
E poi? – And then?

Complex Italian Connectors

These connectors are grouped together here because they are either:

infrequently used
can easily be exchanged for one of the words above
or, as with the final two examples, because they have so many meanings, and can be used in so many different ways.

#24 Siccome, Dato Che, Visto Che – Seeing As, Given That, Since

Volevo essere onesta, visto che siamo amici. – I wanted to be honest, seeing as we are friends.

#25 Poichè – Because, Since

Non è stato invitato a casa di Cathy poichè/perché non le piace. – He wasn’t invited to Cathy’s house since she doesn’t like him.

Poichè can sometimes be used as a synonym for perché, as in the case above. But only when it is used in the sense of “because”, not in the sense of why. Easier: just don’t use poichè in a question.

#26 Gia’ ché, Giacché – Since Already, Now That

Mangiamo qualcosa giacché sei qua. – Let’s eat something, now that/since you're here.

#27 Innanzitutto, Prima Di Tutto – First Of All, Before Anything

Innanzitutto bevo un bicchiere di vino. – First of all, I’ll drink a glass of wine.
Prima di tutto, so che sei una persona onesta, oltre a ciò sei gentilissimo. – First of all I know that you are an honest person, other than that you are also very kind.

#28 Cioè – Meaning That, Which Means, i.e.

Sono arrivato il 13, cioè venerdì. – I arrived on the 13th, meaning Friday.

It can also be used as a question by itself, as in “what does that mean?” or “what is that supposed to mean?”. You can also hear it used as “filler” in a sentence similarly to the word “like” in English

#29 Perciò – For That Reason

(per – for, ciò – this, that)

Mi sento male, perciò non esco. – I don’t feel well, so for that reason, I’m not going out.

#30 Ciononostante, Nonostante Ciò – Notwithstanding, Regardless

Pioveva tutto il giorno, ma io sono divertita nonostante ciò. – It rained all day, but I had fun regardless.

#31 Malgrado Ciò – Despite

Continuano a lavorare malgrado siano stanchi. – They continue to work despite being tired.

#32 Comunque – Anyway, However, Whichever Way

This is a word that’s easy to use, and is also used very often. But because it has so many subtle differences in meaning, I’ve put it down here with the more complex ones.

The good thing about comunque is that you can use it as much as you like, and it’ll most likely be correct. The closest thing to comunque in English is “anyway”.

Non sai dov'è? Grazie comunque. – You don't know where he/she/it is? Thanks anyway.
Non sarà facile… Comunque, ci proverò. – It will not be easy… Anyway, I'll try.

Then, comunque can also mean something like “nevertheless”. This is only a slight difference from anyway, and could be translated as that, in some cases.

Abbiamo avuto dei problemi, comunque poteva andare peggio. – We had some issues/problems, but still, things could have gone worse.

Comunque sometimes also means “however” or “no matter which way”. This is sort of like “any way” rather than “anyway”, which is different but still similar, in a way.

Questa lettera, comunque interpretata, non prova nulla. – This letter, no matter how it's interpreted, doesn't prove anything.
Comunque vada questa cosa, io ci sarò per te. – However this thing might go, I'll be there for you.

Finally, in Italian slang, it can be used as meaningless filler, just like “anyway” is in English. Which is why, as mentioned, you can really put it almost anywhere.

#33 Quindi – So That, So Then, Therefore

You would use this all the time as a question, meaning “so what?”, but also to say something like “so then I did this or that”.

Sta piovendo, quindi portati un ombrello. – It's raining, so take an umbrella.
Si tratta quindi di una cosa significativa. – It is therefore a significant thing.
Penso, quindi sono. I think, therefore I am.

Quindi can also mean then or next:

Continua diritto, quindi gira a sinistra. – Keep going straight, then turn left.
Ho cenato, quindi sono andata a dormire. – I had dinner, then I went to sleep.

But the best thing about quindi is that because it means such a small thing, “so”, you can use it almost anywhere, almost always – just like allora or comunque.

You can put it in the beginning of a sentence, in the middle, at the end. It’s the one thing that will make you sound more Italian than any other, quindi…

Quindi alla fine, è andato tutto bene. – So ultimately, it went well.

#34 Eppure – Still, Even So

Sono uscito prima questa mattina, eppure non sono arrivato in tempo. – I left the house earlier this morning, and still/even so did not arrive in time.

#35 Pure – Also, Even If, Despite

Pure is somewhat complicated, which is why I’ve chosen it as the last entry. The good news is that there is almost no time when you have to use this and can’t substitute it.

But there is a unique joy in mastering this little connector. And it’s not that hard: just use it in one form, at first, and the rest will follow.

Oggi ho comprato una gonna e pure un paio di scarpe. – Today I bought a skirt and also a pair of shoes.

Pure can be used to express doubt, or uncertainty in the face of something obvious:

La sua voce è davvero pessima. Bisognerà pure dirglielo prima o poi. – His voice is really terrible, we might have to tell him sooner or later.

Or signal that you’re welcome to go ahead with something:

Prego, signorina, venga pure! – Please, miss, come right in!

Easily enough, it is used wherever you’d use “even” in English:

La ama così tanto che darebbe pure la vita per lei. – He loves her so much, he’d even give his life for her.
Pur* avendo lavorato molto, Giuseppe non guadagnava. – Even working a lot, Giuseppe did not earn.

*the e is missing at the end of pure here because the next word is a so-called gerundio, or gerund. This is a verb used as a noun, which is essentially a word that ends with “ing” in English.

Pure, like the articles in German or the different sounds letter combinations make in English (through or tough, trough, cough, and so on it goes) is often a matter of feeling.

This gives it an intuitive quality that isn’t easily explained, but that doesn’t mean it is hard to get your head around. Practice and listen, and it’ll come to you sooner than you think. Or apply the StoryLearning® method, and look out for it as you read and listen to Italian.

Bonus Italian Conjunctions

As we're on a roll now, here are some more words to add to your Italian conjunctions chart. You'll find Italian connectors for pretty much any and every situation!

#36 A Volte – Sometimes

A volte faccio fatica ad addormentarmi. – Sometimes I have a hard time falling asleep.

#37 A Parte – Except; Besides

Lisa è molto simpatica, a parte quando è al lavoro. – Lisa is really funny, except when she is at work.

#38 Ad Esempio – For Example; For Instance

Ci sono molti modi per rimettersi in forma, ad esempio l’esercizio fisico e una dieta equilibrata. There are many ways of getting back into shape, for instance exercising and a healthy diet.

#39 Ad Un Certo Punto – At A Certain Point

Ad un certo punto dovremmo rimettere a posto i documenti che hai nel cassetto. – At a certain point we should re-organize the documents you have in your drawer.

#40 Affinché – So That; In Order To

Le rose hanno bisogno di molte cure affinché crescano bene. – Roses need a lot of care in order to grow well.

#41 Altrimenti – Otherwise

Rimetti subito a posto la tua stanza, altrimenti la mamma si arrabbierà moltissimo. – Clean up your room right now; otherwise mom will be very angry.

#42 Ancora – Yet; Still

Dopo tre ore il treno non era ancora arrivato a destinazione. – After three hours, the train had still not arrived at its destination.

#43 Anzi – Rather; On The Contrary; In Fact; Actually

You can also use anzi as an exclamation to emphasize that something is completely the opposite of what has been said.

É un buon investimento, anzi ottimo! – It is a good investment, in fact, it’s excellent!

Or….

Non sono affatto più vecchia, anzi! – I am not older at all, actually!

#44 Appena – Just

Marco era appena uscito di casa quando si è ricordato delle chiavi. – Marco had just left his home, when he remembered his keys.

#45 Come – As; Like; Similarly

Sandro è alto come suo padre. – Sandro is tall like his dad.

#46 Dal Momento Che – Since

Dal momento che alcuni dei nostri studenti si sono trasferiti, la nostra classe è molto più tranquilla. – Since some of our students moved, our class is much more quiet.

#47 Dato Il Fatto Che – Given The Fact That…

Dato il fatto che non abbiamo più soldi, sarebbe meglio se tornassimo a casa. – Given the fact that we have no more money, it would be better going home.

#48 Di Solito – Usually

Di solito l’autobus passa ogni 15 minuti. – Usually the bus comes every 15 minutes.

#49 Forse – Maybe

Forse dovresti smettere di mangiare così tanto. – Maybe you should stop eating so much.

#50 Finalmente – Finally

Finalmente sono in vacanza e posso leggere il mio libro nuovo! – Finally I am on vacation and I can read my new book.

#51 In Altre Parole – In Other Words

In altre parole, non è cambiato niente. – In other words, nothing changed.

#52 In Particolare – In Particular

I cani, in particolare, sono creature molto affettuose. – Dogs, in particular, are really affectionate creatures.

#53 In Primo Luogo – In The First Place; Firstly

In primo luogo, vorrei ringraziare il mio supervisore di tesi per il suo supporto. – Firstly, I would like to thank my thesis supervisor for his/her support.

#54 In Tal Caso – In That Case

In tal caso è meglio rimandare a domani. – In that case, it’s better to postpone until tomorrow.

#55 Mettere Il Caso (Mettiamo Il Caso; Metti Caso) – Suppose That; Let’s Say That; Let’s Suppose

Mettiamo il caso che il ristorante sia chiuso, dove andremmo a mangiare? – Suppose that the restaurant is closed, where would we go to eat?

#56 Nè… Nè – Neither…Nor

Nè la pioggia nè il vento gli avrebbero impedito di uscire quella sera. – Neither rain nor wind would have kept him from going out that night.

#57 Nel Caso (In Cui) – In Case (That)

Nel caso in cui tu decida di uscire, potresti passare al supermercato? – In case you decide to go out, could you stop by the supermarket?

#58 Non Appena – As Soon As

Non appena aprì la porta, si rese conto che il prigioniero era scappato! – As soon as he opened the door, he realized the prisoner had escaped!

#59 Non Solo… Ma Anche – Not Only…But Also

Shakespeare è conosciuto non solo in Inghilterra ma anche in tutto il resto del mondo. – Shakespeare is not only known in England, but also in the rest of the world.

#60 Oppure – Or

Potremmo andare al cinema oppure potremmo vedere un film a casa. – We could go to the cinema, or we could watch a movie at home.

#61 Per Esempio – For Example; For Instance

Ci sono un sacco di posti che vorrei visitare: la Thailandia, per esempio! – There are many places that I would like to visit: Thailand, for example!

#62 Poniamo Il Caso Che – Let’s Suppose That

Poniamo il caso che l’assassino si sia liberato dell’arma del delitto qui vicino, dovremmo riuscire a trovarla. – Let’s suppose that the murderer got rid of the weapon nearby. We should be able to find it!

#63 Prima…Poi – Before…After ; First…Then

Prima pranziamo poi possiamo rimetterci a studiare. – First we have lunch, then we can start studying again.

#64 Purtroppo – Unfortunately

Purtroppo non posso aiutarti. Sono troppo occupata. – Unfortunately, I cannot help you. I am too busy.

#65 Qualora – If ; Insofar

Ricordati di avvisarmi qualora tu fossi in ritardo. – Remember to call me if you are going to be late.

#66 Quando – When

Quando penso a mia sorella ricordo ancora com’eravamo da bambine. – When I think of my sister, I still remember how we were as children.

#67 Se – If

Se avessi studiato di più, non avresti preso un voto così basso! – If you had studied more, you wouldn’t have gotten such a low score!

#68 Se è Vero Che – If It’s True That

Se è vero che la pazienza è una virtù, mia nonna è la persona più virtuosa che conosca! – If it’s true that patience is a virtue, my grandmore is the most virtuous person I know!

#69 Sia…Sia/Sia…Che – And…And ; Both…And

Per dimagrire servono sia una buona dieta che esercizio fisico. – To lose weight you need both a good diet and exercise.

#70 Tuttavia – Nonetheless

Lucia sembra distratta, tuttavia è comprensibile. – Lucia seems distracted. Nonetheless, it’s understandable.

One Of The Keys To Italian Fluency

Italian is a famously expressive language. Lots of body language is involved, and a healthy amount of exaggeration and emphasis.

Italian conjunctions help this beautiful language bloom in all its dramatic glory. And they will serve you better in becoming fluent in Italian than any other type of word.

That's right, you don't need perfect Italian grammar (no matter what the grammar villain might say) or a vocabulary of 10,000 words to sound like an Italian. Sometimes, it really is the little things, like these Italian connectors, that count.

So get out there and start using them in your Italian conversations. And make sure you try to spot Italian connectors whenever you're reading in Italian. Or in whatever medium you like to use to immerse yourself in the language, like Italian podcasts or Italian movies.

70 Must-Know Italian Conjunctions That Will Make You Sound Like An Italian