by Olly Richards
When you first started learning Italian it was new and exciting. You were full of motivation and progress came quickly.
But before long, the honeymoon period was over and now reality has started to bite…
Endless verb conjugations, tricky prepositions and more confusing grammar that you can't get your head around. Worst of all… the dreaded Italian subjunctive.
Sound familiar?
Trust me… You're not alone in feeling this way.
But there is hope!
In this post, I'll show you exactly what the Italian subjunctive is and how to learn it. Meaning you can spend less time sweating the grammar and more time enjoying la dolce vita!
By the way… if you want to master the Italian subjunctive, I recommend Grammar Hero, my story-based programme that helps you master Italian grammar naturally through reading.
Grammar Hero includes 3 short stories dedicated exclusively to help you mastering the Italian subjunctive (plus 12 more stories to help you with other aspects of Italian grammar). So if you want to get your head around the Italian subjunctive once and for all, it really is exactly what you need.
Click here for more information.
Table of Contents
What Is The Italian Subjunctive & Why Should You Learn It?
The subjunctive (il congiuntivo in Italian) is a grammar mystery to many English-speaking Italian learners. It can be intimidating because we rarely, if ever, use the equivalent in our day-to-day conversations in English.
Even in Italian, use of il congiuntivo is declining with each passing generation. But it's still alive today, especially in more educated circles.
You might question the point of learning the subjunctive at all. And in all fairness, you could get by without ever learning to use the Italian subjunctive.
But you'd be missing out if you did!
The Italian subjunctive is a handy little verb form that let's you express:
- feelings
- desires
- opinions
- uncertainty
- and give suggestions
Pretty important for expressing yourself fluently right?
Where To Find The Subjunctive In Italian
There are many different situations where the subjunctive can pop up in Italian. No wonder it's intimidating trying to figure out when to use it.
But there is one major “clue”: the word che.
That's right! Phrases which are followed by the word che (that) generally use il congiuntivo.
In fact there are very few situations in Italian that require the subjunctive where che doesn't appear!
Any verbs in the phrase before the che will be conjugated normally, meaning that you add an ending to make them agree with the person doing the action or the verb tense (past, present, future).
But then in the section of the sentence after the word che, any verbs will be conjugated according to subjunctive patterns.
More on those conjugations in a second.
Let’s start by looking at some of these che phrases that indicate the subjunctive.
- Credo che… I believe that…
- È necessario che… It is necessary that…
- Ho l’impressione che… I have the impression that…
- Immagino che… I imagine that…
- Mi piace che… I like that…
- Penso che… I think that…
- Spero che… I hope that…
Now let’s choose one of those phrases and form a sentence using il congiuntivo.
- Penso che tu parli troppo piano. (I think that you speak too quietly.)
In this case,“that you speak” in the subjunctive is written as che tu parli. The infinitive form of “to speak” is parlare.
As in other Italian verb conjugations, the –are at the end is removed and replaced with a new ending according to the subject.
How To Conjugate The Italian Subjunctive
Let’s look at some conjugations to see how other verbs are conjugated in the subjunctive. We will look at a the three kinds of regular Italian verbs:
- –are verbs
- –ere verbs
- –ire verbs
The conjugations above are the best place to start because these regular conjugations are the endings you’ll use most often when speaking or writing in the subjunctive.
As you can see, there's a lot of repetition across the conjugations. For instance, the io, tu and lui/lei endings are the same for each verb type. And the -ere and -ire verb endings are identical!
Not as intimidating as you expected, right?
It's true that there are a lot of different conjugations to get used to in the subjunctive. But if you've gotten this far in Italian, you're pretty used to mastering conjugations by now!
Just take your time, focus on one verb type at a type and don't let yourself become overwhelmed by all the different conjugations.
If you start to feel stressed, just remember – you could probably get by without learning the subjunctive all!
Mastering it is like the icing on the cake of learning Italian.
But if you make the odd mistake, people will still understand you. So don't sweat it! (If you do get worried about mistakes, that's normal, the fear villain loves to undermine our language learning efforts).
Italian Subjunctive Learning Tips
With so many verb endings to learn, strong study habits are important when learning to use the subjunctive. Here are some of my top tips for making your learning process as easy and fun as possible:
Tip #1: Don't Spend Hours Memorising Rules!
Trying to cram all those Italian subjunctive grammar rules into your brain is not the best way to improve (despite what the grammar villain wants you to believe).
Read that again. It's pretty important!
This might seem illogical, but it's true.
Memorising the rules may help you complete the exercises in your textbook or ace an Italian exam, but it doesn't help much if you goal is to speak Italian in conversation.
I managed to reach a really good level of Italian in just a couple of months… without any formal grammar study whatsoever.
So I know the method works.
But if you never study the subjunctive, how on earth are you going to learn it? Here's how…
Tip #2: Read, Read, Read!
Now that you've read this article you have a basic understanding of how the subjunctive works.
Now what you needs is lots and lots of examples. You need to see the subjunctive used in context over and over again until it just “feels right” to you.
And what better way to do that than by reading?
This is an approach that's backed by some of the world's top linguists:
Reading what you want to read, is responsible for most of our literacy development. Readers have better reading ability, know more vocabulary, write better, spell better, and have better control of complex grammatical constructions.
So what are you waiting for?
Find some interesting Italian language books at your level (or Italian blogs or whatever reading material you're into) and get started!
(Just don't forget to keep an eye out for the subjunctive when it pops so you can notice how it works in context!)
Italian Subjunctive FAQ
How do you form the subjunctive in Italian?
The subjunctive (congiuntivo) is formed by modifying the verb ending based on its conjugation group (-are, -ere, -ire).
For example, in the Italian present subjunctive, parlare (to speak) becomes che io parli, credere (to believe) becomes che io creda, and finire (to finish) becomes che io finisca.
It’s used in dependent clauses after verbs expressing doubt, desire, emotion, or necessity.
Is subjunctive the same as congiuntivo?
Yes, the subjunctive in Italian is called congiuntivo. It is used to express subjective actions, uncertainty, or hypothetical situations, often in complex sentences.
When not to use the subjunctive in Italian?
Avoid the subjunctive in straightforward statements, facts, or expressions of certainty. For example, use the indicative in sentences like Sono sicuro che lui viene (I’m sure he is coming) or Penso che è vero (I think it’s true) in colloquial speech.
What is the se subjunctive in Italian?
The se subjunctive is used in conditional sentences to describe hypothetical situations, particularly with the imperfect or past subjunctive in Italian.
For example, Se fossi ricco, viaggerei (If I were rich, I would travel). However, se is followed by the indicative for real conditions.
Ciao Grammar Fear, Hello Fluent Italian!
In this post, you've seen that the subjunctive isn't quite as scary as it may first seem in your head.
Like I said in the beginning, we all find grammar concepts that don't really exist in our native languages a little intimidating.
The key to understanding and using the subjunctive is recognising the trigger expressions followed by che (that) which let you know that you'll need to add a subjunctive in the next part of the sentence.
The best way to do this is by reading in Italian as much as possible. As you read, you'll see the subjunctive pop up time and again in natural context.
In time, this will allow you to get to a point where the subjunctive just “feels right”.
You'll develop an innate understanding of when to use it.
And you'll be able to express a wider range of concepts in Italian like wants, desires and hopes.
Best of all, you'll sound much more natural in conversation with native Italian speakers!
Master Italian Grammar Through Stories
So I've talked a lot about reading in this post. Well, I know from personal experience that it works.
When I embarked on my Italian project, my goal was to learn by immersing myself in compelling Italian reading and listening material. And I achieved my goal in 3 months.
Based on my experiences, I've created Italian Grammar Hero. It's an unconventional grammar course that focuses on learning through story, rather than just memorising rules.
In fact, Grammar Hero combines my years of study and trial and error into a programme that condenses potentially years of frustrating, traditional study into a “fast-track” experience that will transform your grammar in the next 90 days.
