When you learn Italian, you need to get your head round some grammar structures that don't have simple equivalents in English, like reflexive verbs Italian.
Picture this: You’re eating breakfast in a hotel lobby and someone asks you how your day has been so far. Let’s say they’re genuinely interested. They don’t just want to know, “My morning has been fine so far.” They really want to hear all about it.
“Well, I woke up at 7:30 when my alarm went off. I was tired! I almost fell back asleep again. When I finally pulled myself out of bed, I sat down in front of the mirror to comb my hair. Then I washed myself and got dressed.”
Now, imagine that the hotel is in Italy, so this conversation is happening in Italian.
In just that simple explanation of your morning, you would need to use six Italian reflexive verbs:
- svegliarsi (to wake up)
- addormentarsi (to fall asleep)
- sedersi (to sit down)
- pettinarsi (to comb one’s hair)
- lavarsi (to wash oneself)
- vestirsi (to get dressed)
As you can see, reflexive verbs are one key to speaking Italian fluently and confidently.
Some Italian learners are a little intimidated by them at first, because these words don’t function the same way that they do in English.
But don’t be alarmed. Reflexive Italian verbs are pretty easy once you siediti (sit yourself down) and spend some time figuring them out!
By the way, if you want to learn Italian through stories, not rules, my top recommendation for language learners is my Uncovered courses, which teach you through StoryLearning®. Click here to find out more and try out the method for free.
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What Are Reflexive Verbs Italian And Why Are They Important?
An Italian reflexive verb (verbo reflessivo) is a verb where the subject is carrying out the action on itself.
Let’s look at svegliarsi and say that the subject (person doing the action) is “me.”
- Who is waking up? Me.
- Who is waking me up? Me. I am waking myself up.
Italian is cool because it has its own verb form for cases like this, which makes it less wordy than it is in English!
You can recognise Italian reflexive verbs in the infinitive form because they end in “si.”
Italian reflexive verbs are important because you need them to be able to esprimerti (express yourself) fluently.
How To Conjugate Reflexive Verbs In Italian
Let’s practice conjugating Italian reflexive verbs, in other words, putting them into the right forms according to verb tenses or person.
I’ll start you off with an example in the present tense (presente). I'll use svegliarsi as our example again.
You probably recognise these verb endings from other Italian verb conjugations you have practiced.
The words
- mi (myself)
- ti (yourself)
- si (himself/herself/itself//themselves)
- ci (ourselves)
- and vi, (yourselves)
might be new for you though.
Now let’s take a look at how to conjugate reflexive verbs in the Italian passato prossimo.
In these cases, the letter at the end depends on the gender of the subject.
- It would be o or i for a male subject, multiple male subjects, or multiple subjects of both genders
- It would be a o e for a female subject or multiple female subjects
You’ll recognise that the two letter words at the beginnings of the phrases are the same as the ones used in the present tense.
The second word is the present tense conjugation of essere (to be).
List Of Common Italian Reflexive Verbs
Next up, let’s take a look at a few of the most common reflexive verbs in Italian – the ones mentioned at the beginning of this article – and see how they work in real life example sentences.
#1. svegliarsi (to wake up)
- Questa mattina mi sono svegliato prima dell’alba (This morning I woke up (woke myself up) before sunrise)
In the sentence above, a male person is saying the sentence. If the speaker were female, it would look like this:
- Questa mattina mi sono svegliata prima dell’alba
#2. addormentarsi (to fall asleep)
- A che ora ti sei addormentato sabato sera? (What time did you fall asleep Saturday night?)
#3. sedersi (to sit down)
- Per favore, siediti per poter guardare il film (Please sit (yourself) down so we can watch the movie)
Because the non-reflexive verb sedere (to sit) is conjugated irregularly, you also conjugate the reflexive verb sedersi (to sit yourself) irregularly in the corresponding forms. The example sentence uses the imperativo (imperative), which you use to give commands or instructions.
#4 pettinarsi (to comb one’s hair)
- Ci pettiniamo nello spogliatoio dopo la lezione di ginnastica (We comb our hair in the changing rooms after P.E.)
#5 lavarsi (to wash oneself)
- Mi sono lavato prima della festa perché ero sporco (I washed myself before the party because I was dirty)
#6 vestirsi (to get dressed)
- Si sono vestiti in abiti abbinati (They got dressed in matching outfits)
When Do You Include The Pronoun?
Looking at those examples, you probably noticed that the subject pronoun usually isn’t included. That's because Italian is a pro-drop language, a fancy way to say that you don't have to include the subject pronoun.
Here's a reminder of the subject pronouns in Italian:
- io (I)
- tu (you, singular, informal)
- lui (him)
- lei (her)
- Lei (you, singular, polite)
- noi (we)
- voi (you, informal, plural)
- loro (them)
- Loro (you, formal, plural)
In almost all cases the reflexive pronouns (mi, ti, vi, ci, si) replace the regular subject pronouns. The way this works changes for different tenses and moods.
As you likely noticed in the sentence that began, “Per favore, siediti…” we did not use a reflexive pronoun beforehand. Instead, it was included at the end of the world. This is because this is a sentence in the imperative. It is a demand.
You need to spend time immersed in Italian to get the hang of the word order for all the different tenses and moods.
Reflexive Verbs Italian FAQ
What is a reflexive verb in Italian?
A reflexive verb Italian is a verb where the subject performs and receives the action, often reflecting the action back onto itself.
These verbs are used with reflexive pronouns like mi (myself), ti (yourself), si (himself/herself/itself), ci (ourselves), vi (yourselves), and si (themselves).
For example, in lavarsi (to wash oneself), the conjugation changes to match the subject: Io mi lavo (I wash myself), Tu ti lavi (You wash yourself).
What are the 6 reflexive pronouns in Italian?
The six reflexive pronouns in Italian are:
mi – myself (e.g., mi sveglio – I wake up)
ti – yourself (e.g., ti lavi – You wash yourself)
si – himself/herself/itself (e.g., si veste – He/She gets dressed)
ci – ourselves (e.g., ci prepariamo – We prepare ourselves)
vi – yourselves (e.g., vi rilassate – You all relax)
si – themselves (e.g., si divertono – They have fun).
These pronouns are always used with reflexive verbs Italian to indicate that the subject and object are the same.
3 Top Tips To Master Reflexive Verbs Italian
#1 Use Verb Charts As A Starting Point
You might love to complain about charts of verb conjugations. But they really are a great way to learn when you need to tackle the mechanics of a new verb form.
Spend a little bit of time looking over charts to really get this locked into your memory. It might not be the most fun, but you’ll be glad you did it. The good news is, you don't need to memorise every single reflexive verbs Italian or anything like that. Which brings me to my next point.
#2 Take The Time To Get Lots Of Exposure To Italian
In this article you saw some of the most commonly used reflexive verbs Italian. But there are plenty more out there. Don’t stress to much about learning which verbs are reflexive.
You'll meet new reflexive verbs as you practice the language, whether that's
- in real life
- through reading Italian books or Italian blogs
- watching Italian movies, Italian TV shows or Italian YouTube channels
- or listening to Italian podcasts
If you master a few of the most common reflexive verbs Italian, like the ones I taught you in this post, it’ll be easy to handle the new ones when they pop up. That's where the verb charts can help.
The rest will come with exposure to Italian, as I discovered during my Italian project where I focused on immersion in Italian over deliberate study.
#3 Calmati! Calm Yourself!
Any new form can be intimidating when you’re learning a new language. Don’t let it stress you out. (Even if that's what the grammar villain wants).
Read this article again if you need to and let the information sink in. Take your time with it and remember that practice makes perfect.
You won’t become fluent in Italian overnight. But with work and dedication you can make it happen. Reflexive verbs are just one step along the way.
If you've been learning Italian for a little while and the grammar still seems intimidating, why not try a different approach? In Italian Grammar Hero, you learn the core grammar of Italian through stories, not rules, with my innovative StoryLearning® method.
Olly Richards
Creator of the StoryLearning® Method
Olly Richards is a renowned polyglot and language learning expert with over 15 years of experience teaching millions through his innovative StoryLearning® method. He is the creator of StoryLearning, one of the world's largest language learning blogs with 500,000+ monthly readers.
Olly has authored 30+ language learning books and courses, including the bestselling "Short Stories" series published by Teach Yourself.
When not developing new teaching methods, Richards practices what he preaches—he speaks 8 languages fluently and continues learning new ones through his own methodology.
