Are you learning Russian? Do you want to expand your Russian vocabulary quickly?
English and Russian have plenty of words that look similar because they come from the same roots. These familiar words are also known as cognates.
As you can imagine, getting familiar with these Russian cognates will give your vocabulary an instant level up!
So this article is going to cover everything you need to know about Russian cognates including what they are, how to recognise them, and how to avoid errors with false cognates, also known as false friends.
Pro Tip
By the way, if you want to learn Russian fast and have fun, my top recommendation is Russian Uncovered which teaches you through StoryLearningยฎ.
With Russian Uncovered youโll use my unique StoryLearningยฎ method to learn Russian through storyโฆ not rules. Itโs as fun as it is effective. Plus, you'll find lessons on Russian cognates to boost your Russian vocabulary fast.
If youโre ready to get started, click here for a 7-day FREE trial.
Table of Contents
What Are Russian Cognates?

Cognates (also known as ะบะพะณะฝะฐัั in Russian) are vocabulary terms that come from the same etymological roots. You can look at words like ะผะฐัะตะผะฐัะธะบะฐ and โmathematicsโ as an example.
The two cognate terms come from the same origin and now the Russian and English terms resemble each other.
- mathematica
- > mathematics (ENG)
- > matematika (ะผะฐัะตะผะฐัะธะบะฐ) (RUS)
If you like word origins and etymology, then you might know that both the words ะผะฐัะตะผะฐัะธะบะฐ and โmathematicsโ come from the Latin mathematica. Alongside Greek, Latin is the donor language for a lot of cognate words.
Shared Borrowing In English And Russian
Despite English being a Germanic language and Russian being a Slavic one, both languages have borrowed extensively from languages like Latin, Greek, French and Italian.
As a result, there are loads of Russian words that are similar to English and have the same origins and closely related meanings. Moreover, these terms often have specific patterns that you can identify to boost your vocab quickly.
Itโs worth mentioning that ะบะพะณะฝะฐัั/cognates are different from Russian words like ัะพะบัะพั (talk show) ะดะธะทะฐะนะฝะตั (designer) and ะบะพััะธะฝะณ (coaching).
These kinds of terms are just loanwords that the Russian language has borrowed from English directly.
Russian False Friends
For some words that have the same origin, the meanings have changed and diverged over time.
This is whatโs called a ะปะพะถะฝัะน ะดััะณ (false friend) and itโs important to identify these false cognates to avoid confusion.
That being said, most cognate words do have similar meanings. And of course, weโll discuss these words in more detail later on in the article.
Shared Origins Of English And Russian

Going back to their origins, both Russian and English actually belong to the same language family. The group is called the Indo-European family and is quite large and includes languages like Irish, German, Italian, Czech, Hindi, and Farsi.
This shared relationship means that languages spoken across wide geographic ranges can still have cognates.
You can see this kind of shared commonality in the word for the number โthreeโ in languages from different branches of the Indo-European family.
- trรญ โ Irish (Celtic branch)
- tri โ Russian (Slavic branch)
- tre โ Italian (Romance branch)
- drei โ German (Germanic branch)
- tฤซn โ Hindi (Indo-Iranian branch)
Youโll find Russian and English cognates like this as well. Of course, these kinds of cognates have far fewer patterns than those that were more recently borrowed.
Tips For Spotting Russian Cognates
Here are a few tips for noticing cognates shared between English and Russian and making the patterns easier to spot.
As you might know from my article on Russian pronunciation, the th sound in English (like in maths or thistle) doesn't exist in Russian.
As such, Russian cognates that have a โthโ in English will just use a โtโ in Russian. Likewise, there is no โhโ sound (like in hill or happy) so cognates will often have a โgโ sound instead. Here are some examples:
Russian Word | Pronunciation | Incorrect Pronunciation | Meaning |
1. ะขะตะทะธั | tezis | NOT | thesis |
2. ะขะตะฐัั | teatr | NOT | theater |
3. ะะปะบะพะณะพะปั | alkogol | NOT | alcohol |
4. ะะฐัะผะพะฝะธั | garmonia | NOT | harmony |
Itโs worth noting that in some instances, where a word has an โhโ in English, it will have no sound in Russian instead of a โg.โ The most common example is the word for โhistory,โ which is ะธััะพัะธั (istoriya) and not ะณะธััะพัะธั (gistoriya).
Patterns For Russian-English Cognate Words

The first group of cognates that weโll cover are those that have specific and consistent patterns. So once you know the pattern you can usually (though not always) apply it to understand an unfamiliar cognate word.
Often, you just have to swap out the ending of a Russian word to translate it into English. And of course, you can do the same thing in reverse when you want to try and make a Russian word.
Here are a few of the most common patterns:
The Endings -ะธะบะฐ And -ics
The Russian suffix -ะธะบะฐ is often equivalent to the English -ics. As these all end in -ะฐ, these are all feminine nouns in Russian.
- 5. ะะฐัะตะผะฐัะธะบะฐ (mathematics)
- 6. ะะพะปะธัะธะบะฐ (politics, policy)
- 7. ะคะธะทะธะบะฐ (physics)
- 8. ะญะบะพะฝะพะผะธะบะฐ (economics)
- 9. ะ ะพะฑะพัะธะบะฐ (robotics)
The Endings โััะฐ And โure
Cognate words that end in โััะฐ in Russian typically end with -ure in English.
- 10. ะฐะณัะธะบัะปัััะฐ (agriculture)
- 11. ะฐัั ะธัะตะบัััะฐ (architecture)
- 12. ะปะธัะตัะฐัััะฐ (literature)
- 13. ัะบัะปัะฟัััะฐ (sculpture)
The -sis And -ะท Endings
Most words that end in -sis in English, end with a simple -ะท in Russian.
- 14. ะะฝะฐะปะธะท (analysis)
- 15. ะะธะฐะณะฝะพะท (diagnosis)
- 16. ะกะธะฝัะตะท (synthesis)
- 17. ะะธะดัะพะปะธะท (hydrolysis)
The Endings -ะธั And -y
A whole host of words came into English from Greek and Latin. These came to English via French and now end with -y. In Russian, they retain more of their original ending and often end in -ะธั.
- 18. ัะตััะธัะพัะธั (territory)
- 19. ะณะฐัะผะพะฝะธั (harmony)
- 20. ะธััะพัะธั (history)
- 21. ะฐะฝะฐัะพะผะธั (anatomy)
- 22. ะบะฐัะตะณะพัะธั (category)
There are also a few words that end in -ะธั in Russian that end with -ion in English
- 23. ัะตะปะธะณะธั (religion)
- 24. ัะตัะตััะธั (recession [economic])
- 25. ะบะพัััะฟัะธั (corruption [political])
- 26. ััะพะทะธั (erosion)

The Endings -(a)tion And-ะฐัะธั
Words that end in -ะฐัะธั in Russian usually have an English equivalent with the ending -ation.
- 27. ะฆะธะฒะธะปะธะทะฐัะธั (civilization)
- 28. ะะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธั (information)
- 29. ะคะตะดะตัะฐัะธั (federation)
- 30. ะะพะผะฑะธะฝะฐัะธั (combination)
The Endings -ical, -ic And -ะธัะตัะบะธะน
Words that end with -ะธัะตัะบะธะน in Russian often end with -ic or -ical in English.
- 31. ะะธะพะปะพะณะธัะตัะบะธะน (biologic(al))
- 32. ะญะบะพะฝะพะผะธัะตัะบะธะน (economic)
- 33. ะะตะพะปะพะณะธัะตัะบะธะน (geographic)
- 34. ะะพะปะธัะธัะตัะบะธะน (political)
- 35. ะกะฐัะธัะธัะตะบะธะน (satirical)
The Endings -ology And -ist As -ะพะปะพะณะธั And -ะพะณ
Words that end in โะพะปะพะณะธั (the study of something) finish with the suffix -ology in English. While the person who studies these subjects often ends in -ologist in English, they often end with just -ะพะณ in Russian.
- 36. ะะธะพะปะพะณะธั, ะฑะธะพะปะพะณ (biology, biologist)
- 37. ะญะบะพะปะพะณะธั, ัะบะพะปะพะณ (ecology, ecologist)
- 38. ะะฐะปะตะพะฝัะพะปะพะณะธั, ะฟะฐะปะตะพะฝัะพะปะพะณ (paleontology, paleontologist)
There are also words not related to studying or science that end in -ist in both Russian and English.
- 39. ะญะณะพะธัั (egoist)
- 40. ะัะตะธัั (atheist)
- 41. ะฆะฐัะธัั (tsarist)
- 42. ะััะฝะฐะปะธัั (journalist)
ะะฐะถะฝะพ/Important
The ending -ะธัั in Russian becomes -ะธััะบะฐ for women. ะะฐะฟัะธะผะตั/for example:
- ะฐัะตะธัั, ะฐัะตะธััะบะฐ โ atheist (m), atheist (f).
The Endings -ะฝะพััั And -ity, -ness
Usually, a word that ends in -ะฝะพััั in Russian refers to a process, a concept, or an abstract idea. In English, the equivalents are usually formed with the endings -ty and -ness.
- 43. ัะตะฐะปัะฝะพััั (reality)
- 44. ัะพะปะธะดะฐัะฝะพััั (solidarity)
- 45. ะฐะฑัััะฐะบัะฝะพััั (abstractness)
- 46. ะบะพะฝะบัะตัะฝะพััั (concreteness [non-vagueness])
ะะฐะถะฝะพ/Important
All Russian words that end in -ะฝะพััั are feminine. ะะฐ ะฟัะธะผะตั/for example:
- ะขะฐ ะถะต ะบะพะฝะบัะตัะฝะพััั (the same concreteness)
- ะธะดะตะพะปะพะณะธัะตัะบะฐั ัะพะปะธะดะฐัะฝะพััั (ideological solidarity)
The Endings -ism And -ะธะทะผ
Words that end in -ะธะทะผ (-izm) in Russian usually include political and philosophical concepts as well as artistic movements. The English counterparts end in -ism.
- 47. ะะธะฝะธะผะฐะปะธะทะผ (minimalism)
- 48. ะะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปะธะทะผ (maximalism)
- 49. ะะปััััะธะทะผ (altruism)
- 50. ะญะณะพะธะทะผ (egoism)
- 51. ะะพะดะตัะฝะธะทะผ (modernism)
Other Russian Cognate Patterns

The Russian cognate patterns you've learned so far are fairly consistent and straightforward. The next group of patterns is a bit less regular.
The Endings -ะฐ
There are a lot of words in Russian that are cognates and pronounced very similarly to their English counterparts but have an -a at the end.
- 52. ะัะบะฐ (arch)
- 53. ะััะฟะฟะฐ (group)
- 54. ะะฐะผะฟะฐ (lamp)
- 55. ะัะทัะบะฐ (music)
- 56. ะะธัะฐัะฐ (guitar)
- 57. ะะปะฐะฝะตัะฐ (planet)
- 58. ะฏั ัะฐ (yacht)
- 59. ะญะฟะพั ะฐ (epoch)
- 60. ะกะธะณะฐัะฐ (cigar)
Some of these Russian words that end with an -a have a silent โeโ at the end in their English counterparts.
- 61. ะะฐะทะฐ (vase)
- 62. ะะพะปะปะตะณะฐ (colleague)
- 63. ะะธะฝััะฐ (minute [time])
- 64. ะขะตัะฐััะฐ (terrace)
- 65. ะะฒัะพะฟะฐ (Europe)
Letter Changes
There are a few letters or letter combinations that the Russian language generally avoids. As such, there are times when the Russian cognates are a bit different than you might expect or have added letters.
The Letters โUโ And โะโ
In some places where English uses the letter โuโ youโll see a โะฒโ if the word has a cognate in Russian. Youโll most often see this in words that use the combination โauโ or โeuโ in English.
Letter Combinations Au And ะะฒ
- 66. ะะฒะณััั (August)
- 67. ะะฒัะพั (author)
- 68. ะะธะฝะพะทะฐะฒั (dinosaur)
Letter Combinations Eu And ะะฒ
- 69. ะะฒัะพ (euro [currency])
- 70. ะะฒัะพะฟะฐ (Europe)
- 71. ะัะตะฒะดะพะฝะธะผ (pseudonym)
The Letters โCโ And โะฆโ
Oftentimes the soft c in English will have a counterpart with the letter ั (ts) in Russian.
- 72. ะฆะธัะบ (circus)
- 73. ะฆะธะฝะธะบ (cynic)
- 74. ะฆะธะฒะธะปะธะทะฐัะธั (civilization)
- 75. ะฆะตัะตะผะพะฝะธั (ceremony)
- 76. ะฆะตะฝัั (centre)
Russian Verbs Ending In -ะพะฒะฐัั
A large number of Russian verbs with infinitives that end in -ะพะฒะฐัั or -ะตะฒะฐัั were borrowed from French or German. As such they often have cognates in English.
- 77. ะปะฐะบะธัะพะฒะฐัั (to lacquer, to polish)
- 78. ัะตัะพัะผะธัะพะฒะฐัั (to reform)
- 79. ัะฐะฝัะตะฒะฐัั (to dance)
- 80. ัะปะธััะพะฒะฐัั (to flirt)
Adjectives Ending In โะะซะ
Many adjectives in Russian that were borrowed from languages like French, Latin, and Greek have the ending -ะฝัะน. Often these adjectives were borrowed into English from the same languages.
However, for these adjectives, itโs much harder to pick out a strong pattern.
- 81. ัะผะพัะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝัะน (emotional)
- 82. ะบัะปัััะฝัะน (cultural/educated)
- 83. ะธะฝัะตัะตัะฝัะน (interesting)
- 84. ะบะพัะตะนะฝัะน (coffee (adj))
- 85. ัะตัััะทะฝัะน (serious)

Russian Cognates That Are Nearly The Same
There are a handful of words, mostly borrowed from French, that are almost the same as their English equivalents. These have less clear patterns other than the fact these often end in consonants or consonant clusters.
- 86. ะะฟะตััะธั (appetite)
- 87. ะะฐะปะตั (ballet)
- 88. ะะฐัะฐะถ (garage)
- 89. ะะตัะตัั (desert)
- 90. ะะฝััััะผะตะฝั (instrument)
- 91. ะะพะฝัะธะฝะตะฝั (continent)
- 92. ะัะตะผ (creme)
- 93. ะะธะฝะธะผัะผ (minimum)
- 94. ะััะบัะป (muscle)
- 95. ะะบะตะฐะฝ (ocean)
- 96. ะัะปัั (pulse)
- 97. ะกัะฟัะธะท (surprise)
- 98. ะขะตะบัั (text)
- 99. ะคะฐะบั (fact)
- 100. ะจะพัะตั (chauffeur)
- 101. ะญััะตะบั (effect)
- 102. ะะพะผะตั (number)
- 103. ะะดะตั (idea)
- 104. ะกัะฑัะตะบั (subject)
- 105. ะกัะฐะดะธะพะฝ (stadium)
- 106. ะะฐะปะบะพะฝ (balcony)
- 107. ะคััะบั (fruit)
- 108. ะฎะผะพั (humor)
Months Of The Year
All of the names for months in modern Russian are cognates with their English counterparts since all of these come from Latin terms and roots.
The names of months have gone through changes since they were borrowed a few hundred years ago, but you can still see the connection.
- 109. ะคะตะฒัะฐะปั (February)
- 110. ะะฐัั (March)
- 111. ะะฟัะธะปั (April)
- 112. ะัะปั (July)
- 113. ะะบััะฑั (October)
- 114. ะะพัะฑัั (November)

Other And Older Russian Cognates
Up to this point, you've discovered Russian cognates that are fairly transparent like ะฑะธะพะปะพะณะธั (biology) or ัะธัะบ (circus). However there are other cognates that are less obvious like English โnightโ and Russian ะฝะพัั.
Words like this ultimately come from the same Indo-European roots but donโt really have any well-defined pattern. And sometimes their relationship isnโt obvious at first glance.
Just remember, you don't have to learn all of these now, but getting some familiarity can help you master them as you keep learning Russian.
- 115. ะัะฐั (brother)
- 116. ะะพั (nose)
- 117. ะะพั (cat)
- 118. ะะพัั (night)
- 119. ะขัะธ (three)
- 120. ะกะตัััะฐ (sister)
- 121. ะัะบ (onion)
The last word ะปัะบ might not seem obvious, but when you remember that a โleekโ is a kind of onion, the connection becomes clearer.
Common Russian False Friends
Words are always on the move. They change grammatical gender, sounds shift, and meaning changes. As a result, some words that are borrowed from the same source might look or sound similar but have very different meanings in different languages.
One example of two words having the same root but different meanings is the Russian word ัะบัะฟะปัะฐัะฐัะธั. The word is cognate with the English word โexploitation.โ
However, while โexploitationโ usually refers to the deceitful or underhanded use of someone or something, ัะบัะฟะปัะฐัะฐัะธั usually refers to mining or extracting minerals or natural resources.
Likewise, The Russian word ัััะป (chair) ultimately comes from the same root word as the English word โstool.โ However โstoolโ came to mean a specific kind of chair in English while ัััะป is the de facto word for chair in Russian.
Donโt get too stressed. Most cognate words are not false friends. However, itโs good to learn some of the most common ะปะพะถะฝัะต ะดััะณะธ to make sure that youโre communicating clearly and getting your meaning across.
Here are some of the main ones that might trip you up:
Russian Word | Sounds like | but Really means |
ะฐะบััะฐะปะฝัะน | actual | current |
ะฐััะธัั | artist | entertainer, actor |
ะฐัะดะธัะพัะธั | auditorium | audience |
ะบะพะฝะบััั | concourse | competition, contest |
ะบะพะฝัะตัะฒะธัะพะฒะฐัั | to conserve | to preserve (food), to can, to jar |
ะบะปะตะน | clay | glue |
ะปะธัั | list | leaf, a piece of paper |
ะปัะฝะฐัะธะบ | lunatic | sleepwalker |
ะปััััะฐ | luster | chandelier |
ะผะฐะณะฐะทะธะฝ | magazine | store |
ะผะฐัะบะฐ | mark | stamp |
ะผะธัะธะฝะณ | meeting | (political) rally |
ะผัะปัะธะฟะปะธะบะฐัะธั | multiplication | animation |
ะฟัะพัะฟะตะบั | prospect | avenue, boulevard |
ัััะป | stool | chair |
ัััะฟ | troupe | dead body, corpse |
ัะธัะฐัะฐ | citation | quote, quotation |
ะคะฐะฑัะธะบะฐ | fabric | factory |
ัะฐะผะธะปะธั | family | surname |
Complex Russian False Friends
This last group of cognate words includes pairs that are a bit more complex than most false friends. They often come from the same Latin and Greek root words but the meanings are close enough that they can be confused.
For example, you could describe someone as ะธะฝัะตะปะปะธะณะตะฝัะฝัะน ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบ. This doesnโt actually mean โintelligent person.โ Itโs better translated as โcultured personโ or โeducated person.โ
The confusion lies in the fact that cultured people are often (though not always) described as intelligent. So ะธะฝัะตะปะปะธะณะตะฝัะฝัะน can appear in similar places and descriptions as words like ัะผะฝัะน and ัะฐะทัะผะฝัะน (smart, intelligent).
In English, an idea or someoneโs shining intellect can be described as brilliant. In Russian ะฑัะธะปะปะธะฐะฝั means diamond, the brilliant gem.
Thereโs even a famous Russian film called ะฑัะธะปะปะธะฐะฝัะพะฒะฐั ััะบะฐ which does not refer to a shiny or intelligent arm, but an arm with diamonds (it makes sense in context). If you want to say โbrilliantโ in Russian, go for ะฑะปะตััััะธะน.
The word ะัะณะฐะฝะธะทะผ can and often is translated into English as โorganism.โ However, the word ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะผ has another meaning that doesnโt easily map to English vocabulary.
In Russian, you can talk about ัะฒะพะน ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะผ which refers to a personโs whole biological and physical being. As such, something can be described as ะฟะพะปะตะทะฝะพ or ะฑะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝะพ ะดะปั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะผะฐ, meaning that itโs good or safe for the body/oneโs bodily health.
In English, when you have sympathy for someone, you have a feeling of compassion or a sense of feeling something alongside them. In Russian, ัะธะผะฟะฐัะธั is more broad and refers to a general attraction, warm feelings, or a liking you have for someone.
If you want to commiserate or express compassion, use the Russian words ัะพัััะฐะดะฐะฝะธะต or ัะพััะฒััะฒะพ.

Becoming A Master Of Russian Cognates
ะะพั ะธ ะฒัะต! Your introduction to Russian cognates is now complete. Now you can look at Russian words with similar origins and find patterns to understand what they mean. With these, you can expand your Russian ะปะตะบัะธะบะพะฝ (vocabulary) quickly.
At the same time, you now know that some cognate words actually have quite different or overlapping meanings, so you have to be aware as you go forth on your Russian learning adventure.
That being said, while learning Russian cognates can help you identify related words more easily and learn new words, there are quite a lot of patterns. And many of these have exceptions or idiosyncrasies.
So just remember that learning cognates can never take the place of studying Russian vocabulary or learning Russian grammar.
And if you want an effective way to learn Russian, what better way than to follow the rules of StoryLearning and read books in Russian or Russian short stories.
And if you need more support, my comprehensive Russian course, Russian Uncovered can help too. The course teaches you Russian via a story, not grammar rules. And you'll find cognate lessons to help you grow your vocab quickly. Click here for a free 7-day trial of the course.
So now it's time for you to go further in your journey to learning the Russian language. As you go, use these cognate words and patterns to spot new words and expand your vocab! Enjoy the journey and ัะดะฐัะฐ ะธะท ัะดะฐั (best of luck)!
FREE StoryLearning Kit!
Join my email newsletter and get FREE access to your StoryLearning Kit โ discover how to learn languages through the power of story!

Olly Richards
Creator of the StoryLearningยฎ Method
Olly Richards is a renowned polyglot and language learning expert with over 15 years of experience teaching millions through his innovative StoryLearningยฎ method. He is the creator of StoryLearning, one of the world's largest language learning blogs with 500,000+ monthly readers.
Olly has authored 30+ language learning books and courses, including the bestselling "Short Stories" series published by Teach Yourself.
When not developing new teaching methods, Richards practices what he preachesโhe speaks 8 languages fluently and continues learning new ones through his own methodology.